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Prototyping Model
Outline
Requirement specification
Build Prototype
Customer Evaluates Prototype
Revise Requirement Specification
Not OK
OK
Working model and not a paper model
Iteration is the key to prototyping
Close interaction with clients
Effectively integrated with waterfall model
Especially used for modeling user interface
Prototyping - characteristics
Pros
Reduction of requirements uncertainty
Shorter and less expensive testing
Lower training cost
Easy to evaluate
Testing in live environment
Lead to better development of a full system
Prototyping - pros & cons
Cons
Greater investment of user time
Inadequate problema analysis
User reluctant to give up the prototype
User develops unrealistic expectations
Not suitable for large projects
System/ information engineeing
Incremental Model
Analysis
Design
Code
Test
Analysis
Design
Test
Code
Analysis
Design
Test
Code
Analysis
Design
Test
Code
Delivery of increment 1
Delivery of increment 2
Delivery of increment 3
Delivery of increment 4
Calendar time
Similar to prototyping
Focuses on delivery of operational product with each
Early increments are stripped down version of the final product
Incremental Model - characteristics
Pros
Good use of available resources
No need for maintenance
Flexible
Prototyping - pros & cons
Cons
Degenerate to build & fix model
Extra time spent on testing and documentation
Some problems are difficult to split up into increments
Expensive
Spiral Model
Customer communication
Risk Analysis
Construction & release
Planning
Customer evaluation
Engineering
Spiral circuits are:
Concept development projects
New product development projects
Product enhancement projects
Product maintenance projects
Software team moves around the spiral in clockwise direction, beginning at the centre
They pass through the regions of task sets
Spiral Model - characteristics
Pros
Focuses on reuse
Early error elimination
Integrates development and maintenance
Suitable for large projects
Spiral - pros & cons
Cons
Not suitable for general use
Needs risk analysos expertise
Relative costs of the stages of software development
Conclusion
Product
Process