authenticité vs modernite
The different kinds of leaders
A leader is someone who influences others. We all have an image of a leader. It can be described by such words as intelligent, courageous, persuasive, skilful, and powerful. Some people think of the Boy Scout qualities of leadership (trustworthy, loyal, helpful, friendly, courteous, kind, obedient, cheerful, thrifty, brave, clean and reverent).
Most people have some ideas about leaders which can be called myths. Examples of these myths include:
1. some people are born leaders,
2. leaders defeat enemies,
3. leadership is a person, some have it and some do not,
4. leadership is no more than getting others to do what you want them to do,
5. leadership always involves action.
These are myths because
1. leadership is learned,
2. leaders help others accomplish group goals which need not involve an enemy,
3. anyone can be a leader at any time if that person helps the group meet its goals,
4. manipulative leaders eventually arouse opposition,
5. sometimes leadership involves not taking action.
As a beginning, leadership will be defined here as the art and science of helping others to decide on goals and work toward those goals. Of course, leadership is much more.
A-3 styles of leaders:
Most writing on leadership deals with three styles of leaders. These three styles are:
Ř Authoritarian or Directive (task oriented): When a leader is directive, that leader initiates action, structures activities, motivates others, delegates responsibility, and praises or reprimands subordinates.
· Leads from in front
· One style
· Gives orders, make statements
· Focuses on leader's strengths
· Man of action
· Know-it-all
· Says, "Don't just sit there, do something."
Ř Democratic (process oriented): A democratic leader gets results by leading discussions, asking questions to involve others, encouraging others to volunteer for responsibilities, confirming commitments, and asking for a vote to get a consensus decision or a majority decision.
Ř Laissez faire or Laid back((defer to others): A non-directive leader refuses to make decisions for others. uses silence until someone in the group speaks out, gives non-verbal support (nods, smiles) to others who show positive leadership, and gradually fades out of a group when others in the group show an ability and a willingness to take over.
B-When using one or an other?
Different situations require different styles of leadership. Evacuation of a burning building calls for directive leadership. Deciding among several suggestions for an organization's social event calls for democratic leadership. Helping qualified, experienced, enthusiastic committee heads calls for non-directive leadership.
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